Most stats can be seen here:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1X0bSeKTZo_6V9UukaKFBx6C155oqcDWzrEPRf2KEcfc/edit?usp=sharingNot all of that information is available, however not all of that information is real information- the way weapons work in Sins, the actual bursts are just a graphical effect. Most units have one taregt per bank (larger capital ships can ahve more, and some research increases it as well) and they do the full listed damage to each target, aside from different armour/mitigation/multiplier interactions. If you want the rest of the available information, you'd be better off just looking directly in the files, since at that point you're just transposing every field in the files.
Lasers are anti-fighter weapons and do negligible damage to non-fighters. Turbolasers are anti-sahip. Ion cannons are anti-shield and don't damage hulls. Proton Torpedos and concussion missiles do amplified damage against ships.